Sexual violence is a serious issue. It hurts people's health, social life, and money matters. Even though there are services to help survivors, many do not use them. This review looks at tools used to find out why survivors do or do not use these services. It also checks if these tools cover all the concerns of survivors, especially those who face extra challenges.

There are many types of sexual violence. It can happen in relationships, during trafficking, in the military, or as a child or adult. Survivors come from all walks of life. They might be college students, military folks, LGBTQ+ youth, women with HIV, or crime victims. This review looked at 10 tools that try to understand why survivors do or do not seek help. These tools focus on mental health, medical, advocacy, and legal services.

The review used a social-ecological model. This means it looked at barriers at different levels. Individual barriers are personal things that stop survivors from seeking help. Interpersonal and community barriers are things in the survivor's social circle or neighborhood that make it hard. Structural or organizational barriers are bigger issues in society or the system that cause problems.

Most tools did not talk much about community barriers. Only three tools talked about things that help survivors seek services. Five tools had some data showing they work well with survivors. Only three tools asked survivors for feedback when they were made. Four tools thought about cultural or identity-specific factors. This is important because survivors come from different backgrounds and have different needs.

Survivors need more than just services. They need services that understand their trauma and violence. Future tools should ask survivors for their input. They should also think about different cultures and identities. This way, services can better help survivors and more people can use them.

Sexual violence is a complex issue. It affects people in many ways. Survivors face many barriers when trying to seek help. Tools to understand these barriers need to be better. They need to think about all the different challenges survivors face. Only then can services truly help survivors heal and move forward.

The Real Challenges Survivors Face After Sexual Violence

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