The mango tree has two special genes called MiCOL13A and MiCOL13B. These genes are part of a bigger family that helps plants know when to bloom based on the length of the day. They also help plants deal with tough conditions like salt and drought. These genes were found in a specific type of mango called Guire 82. Scientists found that these genes follow a daily cycle and are very active in the leaves when the mango is about to flower.

When these genes were put into a different plant, Arabidopsis, interesting things happened. Under short days, both genes delayed flowering. But under long days, MiCOL13A made the plant flower early, while MiCOL13B delayed it. This shows that these genes can change how a plant blooms based on the day length. These genes work inside the nucleus of the cell. The study also showed that these genes help Arabidopsis plants survive better in salty and dry conditions. Plants with these genes had longer roots and a better chance of living. This is because these genes turn on other genes that help the plant deal with stress.

The researchers also found that MiCOL13A and MiCOL13B work with other proteins in the plant. These proteins, MiZFP4 and MiMIEL1, are involved in how the plant handles stress. This means that MiCOL13A and MiCOL13B have a big job. They not only control when the plant flowers but also help it survive in harsh environments. This is important for farmers who grow mangoes. Understanding these genes can help them grow better mangoes, even in tough conditions. It is also important for scientists who study how plants adapt to their surroundings. These genes show how plants can change their behavior based on the environment.

The study used different methods to figure out what these genes do. They looked at the genes' structure, where they are active, and how they interact with other proteins. They also tested how these genes affect the plant's growth and survival. This kind of research is important because it helps us understand how plants work. It can also lead to new ways to help plants grow better, especially in places where conditions are tough. For example, farmers could use this information to grow crops in areas with too much salt or not enough water. This could help feed more people and make farming more sustainable. It is also a good example of how science can help solve real-world problems.

The Mango Genes That Control Flowering and Stress Resistance

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