Long ago, in the early days of the United States, voting wasn't a quiet, private affair. The first presidential elections, held from 1788 to 1789, involved only white men shouting out their candidates' names publicly. This method, known as viva voce or voice voting, was the norm for nearly half a century.

    It wasn't until 1888 that things started to change. Massachusetts adopted a paper-based ballot system, inspired by an Australian law from 1856. This new system allowed voters to cast their votes privately, a practice that continues today.

    The year 1888 also saw the birth of two innovative voting systems: the Mechanical Lever Machine and the punch card system. Jacob H. Myers from New York patented the Mechanical Lever Machine, which later became known as the Myers Automatic Booth after he partnered with Alfred J. Gillespie. The first demonstration of this machine took place in Lockport, New York, in 1892.

    Simultaneously, statistician Herman Hollerith developed a punch card system for tabulating census data from 1890. Decades later, this technology became the most common way to cast votes in the U.S.

    These advancements shifted voting from a loud, public act to a more private and efficient process, reflecting the evolving nature of democracy in the country.

The Evolution of Voting: From Shouting to Machines

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