As the Supreme Court's ban on race-conscious affirmative action in college admissions takes effect, elite universities are grappling with the consequences. Harvard University, for instance, has reported a decline in Black freshman enrollment, from 18 percent to 14 percent. Experts are divided, with some arguing that the decline is a worrying sign, while others claim that other factors, such as increased outreach efforts, may mitigate the effects.

But what if the assumption that the ban is the primary cause of the decline is wrong? What if other factors, such as changes in high school preparation or economic trends, are at play? Or what if the ban has led to a cascading effect, where students who would have attended more competitive schools are now enrolling at less selective institutions? The debate highlights the complexity of the issue.

Proponents of affirmative action argue that it is necessary to address historical inequalities and promote diversity on campus. Critics argue that it is discriminatory and that other factors, such as socioeconomic status, should be considered instead.

According to Harvard's numbers, 37 percent of incoming students are Asian American, 16 percent are Hispanic or Latino, and 8 percent identify as Native American or Pacific Islander. Meanwhile, 32 percent of students identify as white.

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has reported a decline in Black student enrollment. But what about the schools that have maintained diversity? Princeton and Yale have seen no significant changes.

The issue is far from settled. As experts continue to debate the merits of affirmative action, one thing is clear: the future of diversity on elite university campuses is uncertain.

The Affirmative Action Dilemma: Can Elite Universities Maintain Diversity Without Racial Preferences?

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