Solid-State Batteries: Are They Really Safer?
Solid-state batteries are often seen as the next big thing in energy storage, especially for electric vehicles. They use solid materials instead of liquid electrolytes, which is expected to make them safer and more efficient. However, experts are warning that these batteries are not without risks.
New Safety Standards
The Chinese government is set to introduce new safety standards for batteries in 2026. These standards will require batteries to withstand certain abuse tests without catching fire or exploding for at least five minutes. However, these standards apply to all types of batteries, not just solid-state ones.
Main Concerns
One of the main concerns with solid-state batteries is the use of lithium metal. Lithium is highly reactive, and this reactivity can lead to safety issues. Even with solid electrolytes, lithium can still react with other materials in the battery, potentially causing fires or explosions. Additionally, solid-state batteries have not completely solved the problem of lithium dendrite growth, which can cause internal short circuits.
Automakers' Plans
Despite these concerns, many Chinese automakers are pushing ahead with plans to use solid-state batteries in their vehicles.
- FAW Group plans to introduce solid-state batteries in its Hongqi models by 2027.
- GAC Group has already started trial production.
- Dongfeng is aiming for mass production of high-energy-density cells by late 2026.
Expert Warnings
However, some experts warn that solid-state batteries should not be seen as a guaranteed fix for battery safety. Conventional lithium-ion batteries are also becoming safer through various improvements, such as:
- Flame-retardant electrolytes
- Protective coatings
These improvements make liquid-based batteries a reliable choice for many applications, even as solid-state technology continues to develop.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while solid-state batteries offer many potential benefits, they are not without risks. It is important for automakers and regulators to carefully consider these risks as the technology moves closer to commercialization.
