India’s AI Path: Standing Alone or Joining China‑Led WAICO?

India has made strides in artificial intelligence, yet it remains quiet while other nations form new alliances. China’s annual World Artificial Intelligence Conference in Shanghai has led to the creation of WAICO, an organization aimed at shaping global AI rules. The new body already has 29 member countries, including several BRICS members, and seeks to promote safe and fair AI use worldwide.

During the 2025 conference, Chinese President Xi Jinping announced WAICO’s goals and invited groups such as ASEAN, the African Union, and BRICS to cooperate. He emphasized building common standards for AI development and supporting countries that lack digital capacity. WAICO positions itself as an alternative to Western‑led frameworks, offering a platform that may appeal to emerging economies.

India has not signed up for WAICO. Officials cite security concerns and a desire to maintain balanced relations with both the West and the Global South. The country’s hesitation could limit its influence in setting international AI norms, especially as other BRICS members join the new organization.

India’s upcoming role as chair of the 2026 BRICS Summit adds pressure. The summit will likely focus on AI governance, and India’s voice may be weakened if it stays outside WAICO. In 2025, Prime Minister Modi highlighted AI as a tool for human development and called for global standards to verify digital content. Yet without participation in WAICO, India risks being sidelined in shaping those standards.

Balancing autonomy with collaboration is the key challenge. If India remains isolated, it may miss opportunities to shape rules that affect its growing tech sector. Joining WAICO could give India a seat at the table, but it must weigh this against potential political risks. The coming months will reveal whether India chooses to engage or keep its distance.