In the midst of international turmoil, a sophisticated operation unfolded, using pagers and walkie-talkies to target and kill members of Hezbollah. While some may argue that this action was warranted, given Hezbollah's attacks on Israel, the truth lies in a different realm. According to international law, hiding explosives in everyday objects constitutes a booby trap, and using such devices to kill is a serious crime.

The concept of booby traps might seem harmless, but it's a prohibited means of warfare. The International Committee of the Red Cross defines it as a "harmless portable object" redesigned to contain explosive material. In peacetime, law enforcement authorities are restricted to using lethal force only when a life is immediately in danger. In the case of the alleged Israeli operation, targeting civilians or using explosives in homes or places of worship cannot be justified as saving a life immediately.

The fact that Hezbollah is a non-state armed group, supported by Iran, does not grant it the right to use violence, let alone missile strikes targeting civilians in northern Israel. Under international law, a non-state actor gains the right to fight only if it is associated with a regular armed force of a sovereign state involved in armed conflict hostilities. Hezbollah does not meet this criteria.

The use of booby traps is not a new issue. During the terrorist violence in Northern Ireland, the anti-British Irish Republican Army deployed booby traps, and members were prosecuted under U.K. law. Similarly, members of the United States military would be prosecuted if they created and used a booby trap.

The alleged Israeli operation adds to the country's growing list of post-Oct. 7 violations of international law. While Israel was the victim of a brutal criminal act by Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups, international law sets strict conditions and limits, and the use of booby traps goes beyond those limits.

Explosive Deception: The Illegality of Booby Traps in Warfare

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