The end of Ukraine's five-year gas transit deal with Russia marked a significant shift in Europe's energy landscape. The deal's expiration sparked concerns about skyrocketing prices and market chaos. However, Europe's adaptable infrastructure handled the change smoothly. Countries like Austria and the Czech Republic quickly switched to German gas supplies, aided by Berlin's decision to remove an export fee that would have increased costs.

On January 2, gas prices did fluctuate as markets adjusted to the loss of 14 billion cubic meters of Russian gas, but this only represented a small fraction of Europe's total annual imports. The EU assessed the impact as minimal before the deal's expiration.

One notable victim was the Russian-controlled region of Transnistria, which lost gas supplies routed through Moldova. Moscow could have rerouted the gas, but chose not to. This left the region's Russian-speaking population to deal with the cold. Moldovan authorities stepped in, bringing EU imports to the region despite its struggling economy.

The real challenge for Transnistria is paying for gas at market prices, as Russian supplies were heavily subsidized. Moldova estimates the cost to secure gas this winter at €20-45 million, a sum that could be covered by EU grants or loans.

In the long run, Moldova needs a plan to integrate its energy sectors and end Russia's control. Meanwhile, Europe has shown resilience and solidarity. When Slovakia threatened to cut energy to Ukraine, Poland offered to cover the difference. This resilience is a victory for the region but a setback for leaders like Slovakia's Robert Fico and Hungary's Viktor Orbán, who might be working behind the scenes to pressure the EU and Ukraine into resuming Russian gas imports.

The energy wars are far from over. Gazprom is in a precarious financial position and Russia will continue to demand the resumption of gas exports. Europe still imports about 15% of its gas from Russia, funding Putin's war. Ukraine's decision has highlighted the need for Europe to wean off cheap Russian imports and end its dependence on a ruthless supplier.

Europe's Gas Switch: A New Reality

Actions