European leaders gathered in Munich to signal a shift toward greater self‑reliance after recent strains with the United States. The conversation began with a warning that some boundaries had been crossed and could not be undone, hinting at deeper mistrust.  

The United States, under President Trump, had recently suggested taking control of Greenland, a move that made many European officials uneasy about Washington’s willingness to protect the continent through NATO.  

During the conference, U. S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio offered a cautious promise to work with Europe, but he avoided discussing key topics such as NATO’s role, Russia, or the ongoing war in Ukraine. His tone was warmer than last year’s remarks from Vice President JD Vance, yet it still left many questions unanswered.  

With the war in Ukraine entering its fifth year and Russia increasingly viewed as a threat, European heads of state announced plans to speed up their own defence capabilities and reduce dependence on the United States. They agreed that while Washington would maintain its nuclear umbrella, Europe should take charge of conventional defence matters.  

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz, French President Emmanuel Macron and British Prime Minister Keir Starmer all pledged support for a stronger European pillar within NATO. Merz emphasized that this move was necessary whether or not the U. S. continued to step back, and he even hinted at talks with France about a European nuclear deterrent.  

The question remains whether Europe can turn these commitments into action. Defence budgets have risen sharply, with NATO members aiming to increase spending from 2 % of GDP to 3. 5 %. European nations are forming consortia to develop new weapons, such as the Long‑Range Strike Approach project involving France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Sweden.  

However, some ambitious projects face hurdles. The French‑German‑Spanish fighter jet programme has stalled due to disagreements over workload distribution among partner companies. Debates also continue about whether defence projects should be limited to EU firms or open to external competitors, with France favouring a “buy European” stance and Germany and the Netherlands advocating for broader participation.  

Amid these discussions, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy highlighted the rapid evolution of warfare. He reminded delegates that weapons technology advances faster than political decisions, citing over 6 000 drones and 150 missiles launched against Ukraine last month.

Europe Steps Up Its Own Defence, Lessening US Reliance

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