Let's dive into how brain networks function differently in people with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) compared to healthy individuals. Researchers studied 38 ESKD patients and 43 healthy participants. They all had normal brain MRIs, with no apparent structural issues. Each person underwent three types of MRI scans: T1-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), all using the same three-tesla MRI scanner.

From these scans, two connectivity matrices were created. One showed how different brain regions are structurally connected (using DTI and DSI programs), and the other demonstrated functional connections (using rs-fMRI and SPM programs in the CONN toolbox). The BRAPH tool was then used to analyze these multilayer networks.

When comparing the ESKD patients to the healthy participants, there were notable differences. Specifically, the score for the weighted multiplex participation was lower in ESKD patients (0. 6454 vs. 0. 7212, adjusted p=0. 049). This score indicates the level of integration between different brain regions.

Moreover, certain brain regions in ESKD patients showed even lower participation scores compared to healthy individuals. These regions included the right subcentral gyrus, right opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus, right occipitotemporal medial lingual gyrus, and right postcentral gyrus.

These findings suggest that the way brain regions communicate with each other might be disrupted in people with ESKD. It's like the brain's highways are less connected, making it harder for information to flow smoothly between regions.

Brain Networks in ESKD: A Closer Look

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